{"id":292,"date":"2025-03-27T11:42:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T11:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.parcomontale.com\/?page_id=292"},"modified":"2026-03-27T14:38:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T14:38:59","slug":"qrcode-09","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.parcomontale.it\/en\/qrcode-09\/","title":{"rendered":"09 – Il paesaggio"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Landscape<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Analyses of pollen<\/strong>, of seeds\/fruits<\/strong> e woods\/coals<\/strong> from the 1996 - 2002 excavations provided numerous data on the environment in which the Montale terramara was located.<\/h4>\n

Pollen remains indicate for the period before the foundation of the village aextensive forest cover<\/strong> consisting of oaks, hornbeams, elms, alders and willows. Cooler climate trees such as beech, conifers or birches could be found at higher altitudes in the Apennines.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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The foundation of the terramara led to the felling of many trees in order to obtain fields for cultivation and pasture and to provide for the construction of the village.<\/h4>\n

Similar evidence found in many other terramares makes it possible to state that at this time there was the first major modification of the natural landscape of the Po Valley by man.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t
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The land around the terramara was intensively cultivated, especially in cereals<\/strong>particularly wheat and barley, and to a lesser extent millet, bread and oats. Among the pulses<\/strong> broad beans and lentils are present.<\/h4>\n

There is also evidence of the cultivation of hemp<\/strong>used to make mainly cordage, cloth and perhaps fabrics. The latter, however, must have been mainly made of wool or lino<\/strong>plant of which no seeds or pollen have been found in Montale, but known in other terramare and Bronze Age sites.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t
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Analyses of the wood and charcoal remains showed that the terramare inhabitants had a good knowledge of the properties of wood. The oak<\/strong>particularly resistant, was mainly used for the construction of houses and for sturdy agricultural implements, while for arches and other artefacts, a tough, easy-to-work wood such as the maple tree<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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The piles of a house being excavated.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t

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Small plough made of oak wood.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>

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Some wild species<\/strong> such as the dogwood, hazel, blackthorn, pear and apple tree were to receive special attention and represent a regular, if secondary, source of food. The vine<\/strong>initially collected as a wild species, was probably cultivated from the end of the 14th century BC.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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In the later phases of Montale's terramara, some signs of change can be recognised.<\/h4>\n

The environment now seems to be suffering from a warmer and drier climate<\/strong> and perhaps even the secular land use<\/strong>. Further signs of degradation could be the decline of oak trees and the probable reduction in agricultural production, which contributed greatly to the crisis of the terramaricola society<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Il paesaggio Torna all'indice PANNELLO PRECEDENTE Torna all'indice PROSSIMO PANNELLO Le analisi dei pollini, di semi\/frutti e legni\/carboni provenienti dagli scavi 1996 - 2002 hanno fornito numerosi dati sull\u2019ambiente in...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-292","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"\n09 - Il paesaggio - Terramara di Montale: Parco Archeologico e Museo all'aperto<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.parcomontale.it\/en\/qrcode-09\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"09 - 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